Muharram is the first month of the Islamic lunar calendar and holds significant importance for Muslims worldwide. It is considered one of the four sacred months in Islam, along with Rajab, Dhul-Qi’dah, and Dhul-Hijjah. The name “Muharram” itself means “forbidden” or “sacred,” emphasizing the sanctity of this month.

The most notable event during Muharram is the commemoration of Ashura, which falls on the 10th day of the month. Ashura holds profound historical and religious significance for both Sunni and Shia Muslims, albeit with different interpretations.

For Sunni Muslims, the observance of Ashura goes back to the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), who fasted on this day as a sign of gratitude and remembrance. It is believed that the Prophet Moses (Musa) and the Israelites were saved from Pharaoh’s tyranny on this day, leading the Prophet Muhammad to fast in gratitude.

On the other hand, for Shia Muslims, Ashura holds a much deeper significance. It marks the tragic martyrdom of Imam Hussein ibn Ali, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad, and his companions in the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE (61 AH). The event occurred during the struggle for leadership within the Islamic community, as Hussein stood against the unjust rule of the Umayyad caliph Yazid. The battle resulted in a heart-wrenching tragedy where Imam Hussein and his followers were outnumbered and brutally killed, but their steadfastness in the face of oppression has become a symbol of resistance against tyranny and injustice.

During the month of Muharram, particularly on the 9th and 10th days, Muslims participate in various religious and commemorative rituals. These observances may include fasting on the 9th and 10th of Muharram, and specifically, fasting on the 10th day (Ashura) is believed to have particular significance in absolving sins.

For Shia communities, Muharram is a time of mourning, and they hold processions and gatherings known as “Majlis” to remember the sacrifice of Imam Hussein and his companions. These gatherings often involve reciting elegies and poetic expressions of grief, narrating the events of Karbala, and reflecting on the lessons of bravery, sacrifice, and standing up against oppression.

It is important to note that Muharram is a month of both mourning and reflection for Muslims. It is a time to remember the values of justice, compassion, and empathy embodied by Imam Hussein and to draw inspiration from his sacrifice to stand against injustice in all its forms.

While the observance of Muharram and Ashura may vary across different cultures and regions, the core message of remembrance, reflection, and unity remains central to this sacred month in the Islamic calendar.